How Chat Systems Became Digital Infrastructure Across the Networked Age: A Roadmap for Human-Centered Dialogue

The story of chat systems begins far earlier than AI assistants. In the 1950s, computers were massive, institutional, and reserved for trained specialists. Work was usually handled through queued jobs. People prepared punched cards, submitted machine-readable tasks, and waited for a report to return results. This process was formal, and it left lit

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